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Introduction: Limited Resources
Limited and/or scarce resources are among the main triggers for ethical dilemmas both during armed conflict and during other emergencies.
10 Oct, 2025
Views: 626
Comments: 0
Introduction: Lack of knowledge and education
Ethically or legally problematic situations also emerge if the persons involved do not have the necessary knowledge about legal rules or ethical guidelines. Similarly, intercultural differences can...
10 Oct, 2025
Views: 301
Comments: 0
Introduction: Misuse of medical knowledge or resources
We are talking of the misuse of medical knowledge or medical resources if they are employed with aims other than the benefit of the patient (or a larger group of patients in the case of public...
10 Oct, 2025
Views: 347
Comments: 0
Introduction: Use of the protective emblem
For example removal of the protective emblem, armament of HCP, combtant role of HCP Literature https://www.icrc.org/eng/war-and-law/emblem/overview-emblem.htm
10 Oct, 2025
Views: 395
Comments: 0
Introduction: Treatment of captured and detained persons
The medical treatment of captured and detained persons can create difficult situation for physicians, both during conflicts and also in peacetime.
10 Oct, 2025
Views: 399
Comments: 0
Introduction: Civil-military relations
Ethical issues that arise in the context of civil-military cooperation. Often, the different roles and (self-) perception of civilian and military actors can lead to ethical issues on the ground. ...
10 Oct, 2025
Views: 512
Comments: 0
Introduction: Neutrality of (military) medical personnel
Author: Dr phil Daniel Messelken | ZH Center for Military Medical Ethics. The professional ethical duty of HCP is first and foremost to their patients. They shall be “Physician First, Last,...
17 Nov, 2023
Views: 1328
Comments: 0
Treatment preference to an important military leader?
An international armed conflict led to many human casualties that require medical assistance and to be treated fast The ICRC has deployed a field hospital in a conflict-affected area. Due to...
11 Sep, 2023
Views: 1895
Comments: 0
Mandatory COVID vaccination
At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Army HQ mandated that all personnel be vaccinated for COVID-19. Although most personnel followed the order without many questions, a few did not want to...
11 Sep, 2023
Views: 1172
Comments: 0
Treat pregnant in emergency situaton
You are the medical officer in charge of a military camp hospital on a UN-manted peace enforcement A pregnant woman in her 8th month of pregnancy arrives with a picture of vaginal bleeding, in...
11 Sep, 2023
Views: 1097
Comments: 0
Disclosure in the public interest?
A sergeant in your unit asks if he can talk to you in confidence. Several weeks ago his patrol came under attack. Two of his colleagues were killed and three were severely wounded. Although he did...
02 Aug, 2023
Views: 1380
Comments: 0
Return to Duty: Ethical Issues for Military Health Professionals
"A U.S. soldier suffers injuries from the explosion of an improvised explosive device. Injuries include closed-head injury resulting in loss of consciousness. After six weeks of treatment, the...
02 Aug, 2023
Views: 5051
Comments: 0
Early signs of hearing loss
During a routine medical check, an infantry soldier shows early signs of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Although he can still hear sufficiently in order to perform his duties, the hearing loss...
02 Aug, 2023
Views: 225
Comments: 0
Dream assignment
A 40 year old male senior enlisted has received his dream tasking. He will be stationed at an embassy in Africa. He receives orders and is ready to out-process his base. However, his healthcare...
30 Jul, 2023
Views: 562
Comments: 0
Access to military HCP – Medical Rules of Eligibility
MM commands a military field hospital, physically based on a semi-trailer truck convoy that follows combat troops into disputed territory as part of a United Nations (UN) peacekeeping and security...
15 Sep, 2022
Views: 306
Comments: 0
Snake bite – do you use antivenom for a local patient?
A report comes in announcing there is a patient at the main gate. Military nurse Yvonne goes there, together with a military physician and a number of colleagues. At the gate is a father holding a...
15 Sep, 2022
Views: 452
Comments: 0
10-month-old baby with suspected myocarditis after the earthquake in Haiti
A 10-month-old previously healthy baby boy was referred to our hospital with high fever and a convulsion. A second seizure occurred in the emergency-room (with generalized tonic-colonic convulsions,...
24 Jun, 2022
Views: 507
Comments: 0
A young woman with infected burns in the early post disaster phase in Haiti
Five days after an earthquake (on the second day of the international relief mission), a young woman in acute distress is brought to the field hospital's triage department accompanied by a volunteer...
09 May, 2022
Views: 585
Comments: 0
Surgery in a damaged hospital that risks to collapse?
After a major earthquake, many buildings, including a civilian hospital, are damaged and risk to collapse. A military medical team is deployed in the yard of the damaged hospital and uses to...
09 May, 2022
Views: 545
Comments: 0
Disclaimer about the scenarios
The scenarios published in the MME scenario database are based on different kinds of sources. These include media reports, literature, and reports about ethical challenges experienced in the field....
09 Nov, 2021
Views: 635
Comments: 0
How to contribute your own cases and scenarios
This scenario collection shall grow over time and new scenarios and cases shall be added. To do so, we need your support and input! Please help us collecting examples by contributing your own...
09 Nov, 2021
Views: 2119
Comments: 0
Treatment first, interrogation second
I experienced this in Afghanistan, while caring for detainees at the Role 3 hospital. Sometimes the guards of the military police (assigned to guard the detainee while in our care) and/ or the...
08 Nov, 2021
Views: 469
Comments: 0
Priority for treatment – Insurgent or soldier
One day some enemy attacked patients were transferred in. Among them, two had serious wounds with urgent needs of amputation and blood transfusion. One patient is a combatant and the second is an...
09 Sep, 2021
Views: 404
Comments: 0
Treat the enemy who just shot at you
A small convoy of three Humvees left the relative safety of the military-controlled Green Zone and within minutes was fired on by a single gunman lodged high above on an overpass. The first...
19 Aug, 2021
Views: 424
Comments: 0
Different treatment depending on nationality
Report from a Canadian military doctor: "When we received news that a mass casualty was en route with severe burns, we were told not to intubate Afghans with burns over more than 50 percent of...
19 Aug, 2021
Views: 299
Comments: 0
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